Lodash esm. 21, last published: 4 years ago.

Lodash esm has'. Feb 21, 2024 · Technically, if there is a package foo writing import { merge } from "lodash", then such package doesn't run on plain NodeJS, so I think the issue is more on such hypothetical "broken package" side and it seems more natural to swap lodash with lodash-es inside that package. html from the original absolute path to the relative path. Apr 21, 2021 · The smallest bundle size could also be reached by using the babel-plugin-lodash together with lodash-webpack-plugin for cherry-picking only the used functions. I'm assuming you are using . 21, last published: 4 years ago. Feb 7, 2016 · @GeorgeKatsanos 'lodash/has' isn't a separate package. The standard module system in Javascript, ESM, loads the dependency graph statically before executing any code. Try to install the lodash-es package instead and then import it: import _ from "lodash-es" I suppose in order to bring lodash in to your project you already done . (Except, sometimes, unpredictibly, Node can figure out what you meant!) _. Latest version: 3. config. 5 fails. Why Lodash? Lodash makes JavaScript easier by taking the hassle out of working with arrays, numbers, objects, strings, etc. transformIgnorePatterns#. I am aware that vitest is ESM first, and cant use CJS, I just cant find a way to resolve these requires() to imports from these modules. The Lodash command-line interface is available when lodash-cli is installed as a global package: Meta: While the suggested ways (esm package; converting to TypeScript) may work for some, I'm personally interested only in pure ES module functionality. Currently using r Mar 29, 2023 · The cause of the issue is related to this commit on the GitHub repository of the openapi-schema-to-json-schema package, marked as BREAKING. Latest version: 4. npm install lodash --save npm install @types/lodash --save-dev If you want to import just required functions you should do: import * as debounce from 'lodash/debounce' or . mjs ) unless you have the behaviour disabled with fullySpecified=false . 23 but also esbuild@0. Aug 14, 2018 · @remcohaszing. There's a file called has. drop'; Apr 4, 2024 · // 👇️ a default import import _ from 'lodash'; console. debounce, and lodash. 17. If you wanna use pure ESM version, you can use lodash-es. We override the lodash. 57 KB gzipped) Build time: 568ms This serves as our baseline for comparison. Nov 9, 2022 · The workaround for me was to add swc to ts-node. Jun 13, 2023 · Not in this repo. Simply copy and paste one of these URL !. Start using moderndash in your project by running `npm i moderndash`. Thanks. Oct 20, 2021 · Is there anyway to use ESM with lodash/fp? I tried lodash-es but it looks like fp functions are not published as part of that pacakge. Some packages ship their ES modules builds as many separate files importing one another. Yarn. There are 197522 other projects in the npm registry using lodash. Apr 17, 2021 · Lodash exported as ES modules. However, despite being a major update, it was not released as a new version, which has resulted in the package being automatically upgraded for all users. This is obvious once you know it but I missed it originally. Mar 20, 2023 · jest 运行 TS 的时候是 hack require esm 转 cjs 的，只支持普通的 esm ，native esm 是不支持的： const { default : remarkParse } = await import ( "remark-parse" ) ; 换成低版本 cjs 格式的包试试。 Mar 28, 2019 · Even though the comparison was between lodash-es, and individual lodash utilities, I have tested the original common-js lodash as well. t Using packages here is powered by esm. Re-install browser-sync and that should fix the problem. Apr 17, 2015 · In addition to installing the @types/lodash-es module, the existing "lodash": "^4. js than CommonJS does. 2 resolved the issue for us. json so TypeScript checks your code as ESM, which uses a stricter module resolution algorithm in Node. Feb 1, 2023 · In addition, both lodash and lodash-es worked fine. Mar 28, 2018 · I created the Lodash JavaScript utility library. Replacing the import of lodash with lodash-es is more beneficial to tree-shaking. 在 ESM 中，导入导出有两种方式: 具名导出/导入: Named Import/Export; 默认导出/导入: Default May 24, 2021 · I believe esm compatibility is a known issue with lodash. Oct 17, 2024 · この記事は何？ この記事は「ESM で書かれた TypeScript モジュールをブラウザでテストする」ことを実現するためには何をしなくてはならないのか、自身が経験したことを踏まえてまとめたものであります。 Mar 16, 2023 · Libraries like Lodash prefer UMD because: It supports both CommonJS and AMD module systems, providing a universal structure. It seems that the node v12 revamp of the native esm implementation to match node v13 triggered this, but the implications of this on this package (standard-things/esm) are not clear to me. com Apr 17, 2012 · TypeScript definitions for lodash-es. Relative requests must include a filename and file extension (e. js file: import * as _ from "l ESM scripts can import CJS scripts, but only by using the default import syntax import _ from 'lodash', not the named import syntax import {shuffle} from 'lodash', which is a hassle if the CJS script uses named exports. Apr 13, 2021 · ES modules allow us to look for exported code that is used or unused in our application explaining why this module system is so important for tree shaking. Chaining cannot be properly implemented in a modular fashion, as it would severely complicate the code-base if it were to still include lazy evaluation optimizations, and I suspect that would require hard-coding every possible combination of explicitly imported functions in order to be modular A fast, smart & global CDN for modern(es2015+) web development. Since ESM evaluates static import statements before looking at the code, the hoisting of jest. There is 1 other project in the npm registry using lodash-decorators-esm. Aug 2, 2017 · lodash-es is more about allowing tree-shaking if you only need access to specific utility functions. mjs file extensions? if so, the behavior you are experiencing seems to be correct, and is essentially a bug in v3. It allows to get rid of ts-jest completely, and globalSetup starts working without issues. This doesn't work. Lodash is a modern library for working with arrays, objects, strings, and more. js 使用方法. 15" This is because @types/lodash-es requires lodash-es and not lodash. js and browsers. May 13, 2024 · Application runs perfectly fine with npm start, when it is built using ng build, it gives the following errors: [WARNING] Module 'amazon-quicksight-embedding-sdk' used by '. isEmpty! So, in summation, if you don't plan on utilizing CJS/UMD/AMD (like lodash does), then tree-shaking will work as expected in production when using webpack and ESM packages within the client. I am using esbuild@0. 目前社区有一部分模块同时支持 ESM 与 CommonJS，但仍有许多模块仅支持 CommonJS/UMD，因此将 CommonJS 转化为 ESM 是全部模块 ESM 化的过渡阶段。 # ESM 与 CommonJS 的导入导出的不同. js'; ^^^^^ SyntaxError: Unexpected token export Our code already uses ES6 imports and exports and until move Sep 17, 2023 · Check out bun. whatever for each function separately, but the larger bundle size could certainly make it worth using the period method. /some-module '; // Exporting values or functions export const exportValue = someValue; export function exportFunction = someFunction; Dec 21, 2022 · Dynamically importing Lodash using CommonJS. 在 TypeScript 文件中，我们可以使用以下方式引入 lodash-es： import * as _ from 'lodash-es'; 在这个例子中，我们使用了 * 来引入 lodash-es 中的所有函数，并将其命名为 _。你也可以根据需要进行选择性引入，只引入你需要的函数。 使用 lodash Jun 21, 2019 · // Importing a node modules import lodash from ' lodash '; // Importing a function from another ESModule import {someFunction} from '. 13. concat(array, [values]) source npm package. This blog post explains how the various pieces fit together: Packages – JavaScript’s units for software distribution The three kinds of ECMAScript module specifiers Providing and using packages via module specifiers in Node. sh bundles sub-modules of a package that are not shared by entry modules defined in the exports field of package. The only real solutions are: dual-support lib (CommonJS AND ESM via package. Jun 3, 2020 · We upgraded lodash-es as part of a monthly security audit and it was upgraded to lodash-es: ^4. 7. 4 Kib とまずまずのサイズです。 import しているのは isEmpty 関数だけなのですが、適切に Tree Shaking がされていないため lodash のすべてのファイルを読み込んでしまった結果ですね。 Jun 3, 2020 · We upgraded lodash-es as part of a monthly security audit and it was upgraded to lodash-es: ^4. Reload to refresh your session. lodash-es — 是 esm 版本，可在建構時(如：webpack) 進行優化 tree-shaking，所以在新專案時也可以直接使用 lodash-es。 // 安裝方法 npm Oct 10, 2020 · In addition to the module format, flagging modules as ESM also affect the resolving logic, interop logic and the available symbols in modules. The bundles were generated using the following code. There are 197640 other projects in the npm registry using lodash. g. Repo/project to create a systemjs bundle of lodash Nov 27, 2024 · Skip to content. There are 8 other projects in the npm registry using moderndash. json main/module/exports?) ESM lib (CommonJS users migrate to await import()) << I'm with @jonkoops; I vote for this! Aug 3, 2024 · With the advent of ES modules (ESM) and advanced bundling techniques like tree shaking, the way we import and use libraries has changed significantly. Aug 23, 2024 · lodash-es is the ECMAScript module version of Lodash, which supports tree-shaking, TypeScript, and modularity. reduce, _. 0 instead of 3. Many lodash methods are guarded to work as iteratees for methods like _. May 10, 2018 · Issue description or question I tried to use lodash-es as dependency to jest-based test cases sources, and after trying to set runner with esm still getting module import failures, looks like esm is not applied to lodash-es. From what I'm reading in various posts is that lodash-es has several drawbacks (results in a larger bundle size, chains don't work). json property to denote which files in your project are "pure" and therefore safe to prune if unused. Latest version: 2. A free, fast, and reliable CDN for @esm-bundle/lodash. I think it could be related to #2384 and #2026. I've also had issues with d3-format and have stayed on 2. export { default as add } from '. 15 to fix the issue. 4". The new webpack 4 release expands on this capability with a way to provide hints to the compiler via the "sideEffects" package. You switched accounts on another tab or window. Tool to convert Commonjs files into ESM. The individual cherry-pickable modules though would be ESM and would require folks to use a loader, like esm , a bundler, or the package. Apr 17, 2019 · Stack Overflow for Teams Where developers & technologists share private knowledge with coworkers; Advertising & Talent Reach devs & technologists worldwide about your product, service or employer brand May 28, 2020 · Is there a centralized repository where I can find ES module (ESM) alternatives for popular npm packages? I'm looking for a mapping like: 'lodash' => 'lodash-es' 'react' =&gt; '@pika/react' 'r Jul 8, 2018 · Thankfully John-David Dalton (who created Lodash) made the esm module, which allows us to use es6 import/export syntax in node without a build step. 84 KB (24. Try this online Lodash Playground with instant live preview and console. js or *. Feb 5, 2022 · The real trick here is that the memoized function parameters are transformed into a list, and this list forms a cache key. Learn how lodash-es can help you write efficient, clean, and maintainable code in your TypeScript projects. Before ECMAScript Modules (ESM) became a standard (it took more than 10 years!), tooling like webpack and even languages like TypeScript started supporting so-called ESM syntax. js looks like this: // Plugins to run before rendering page: https://go. This is where lodash-es comes into play. Using import { debounce } from "lodash", I was able to get it working using: Feb 7, 2023 · You signed in with another tab or window. js in the root of the regular 'lodash' package, and import has from 'lodash/has' (or const has = require ('lodash/has) will load that file. Review the build differences & pick the one that’s right for you. The explanation in the official documentation is: an array of regular expression pattern strings that are matched against all source file paths before transformation. It seems that rollup attempts to tree-shake the bundle using the static imports. Jan 4, 2024 · 环境 NX PNPM lodash-es Jest 从 karma 转移到 Jest 遇到了如下报错 主要原因是 “node_modules” 文件夹中 ESM（ECMAScript Modules） 库不被 Jest 支持。 鉴于 Jest ESM 支持还在几乎不可用的试验阶段，而目前我主要是在公司项目上迁移到 Jest。所以本文主要采用 transformIgnorePatterns 和 Contribute to esm-bundle/lodash development by creating an account on GitHub. Ask questions, find answers and collaborate at work with Stack Overflow for Teams. 4, last published: 13 days ago. A better answer would include a scenario that uses "plain" lodash, or explains why lodash-es is actually a good thing. Understanding the Differences 1. There are 12230 other projects in the npm registry using lodash-es. If you’re using a third-party emitter to emit ESM outputs, ensure that you set "type": "module" in your package. Creates a new array concatenating array with any additional arrays and/or values. 27. Downgrade @babel/runtime to 7. 15. in that mode, you can have named imports only from node built-in modules (such as fs, http), but no named imports from any other cjs module. 分析webpack4打包文件代码，查看cmd、esm打包区别。 2. the mjs mode in esm tries to simulate the behavior of node --experimental-modules. There are separate method packages on npm, but they use the "dot syntax": 'lodash. For example, esm enhances server-side rendering of Svelte components and allows cross platform Feb 27, 2022 · You signed in with another tab or window. Optimized for modern browsers. You should use lodash instead. Module mocking in ESM . Bundling sub-modules can reduce the number of network requests, improving performance. 21 and immediately can ran into issues running our test suite (getting the same ERR_REQUIRE_ESM that the OP referenced). Jan 25, 2022 · So, I know there are a lot of similar questions here, I read all, as well as several web articles. js, Deno and web browsers Apr 17, 2021 · Lodash modular utilities. If any of my deps choose lodash I end up with both. Jan 12, 2022 · The ecosystem around delivering ECMAScript modules via packages is slowly maturing. Start using lodash-es in your project by running `npm i lodash-es`. This fast, production ready, zero dependency loader is all you need to support ECMAScript modules in Node 6+. import { debounce } from "lodash"; Use it as: debounce() Apr 17, 2012 · A fork of `dagre-layout` with individual lodash-es imports and ESM build. Sep 28, 2018 · I'm trying to use lodash in my web application. Experiment yourself. lodash和lodash-es正好作为实验对象。 3. The relevant part of my nuxt. 1, last published: 3 years ago. Aug 2, 2020 · In anycase, this post isn’t a pros and cons guide to using Lodash, it’s about adding it to your Angular project, so let’s get on and do that! Adding Lodash To Angular. Apr 17, 2021 · Lodash exported as ES modules. Aug 17, 2022 · I have issues with ESM imports in ESM modules. mock calls that happens in CJS won't work for ESM. js' instead of import { debounce } from 'lodash-es'. ES Module Support. I found @babel/register very buggy even if i have added babel-plugin-lodash or dynamic-import plugin or @babel/plugin-transform-modules-commonjs, @babel/polyfill, etc See full list on github. 1. Imports in ESM are resolved more strictly. As the generated ESM code will still resemble the original code, you can still keep using cjs without worry. Aug 10, 2017 · Like many developers, I want ES modules yesterday. npm i lodash --save. There are 13377 other projects in the npm registry using lodash-es. Otherwise, following these steps to make it works: Oct 3, 2017 · I have an Angular app generated with angular/cli with a dependency to "lodash": "^4. Lodash exported as ES modules. 72. Aug 8, 2018 · lodash/fp 模块提供了更接近函数式编程的开发方式，其内部的函数经过包装，具有 immutable、auto-curried、iteratee-first、data-last（官方介绍）等特点。Lodash 在 GitHub Wiki 中对 lodash/fp 的特点做了如下概述： Fixed Arity，固化参数个数，便于柯里化 Check out bun. Still unsure why Vercel says this while I'm not doing anything with lodash I tried some fixes like:- installing lodash with NPM. esm. reduceRight, and _. js a week ago and I'm not getting the hang of the plugins system. /add. that's why by default jest doesn't transform node_modules. To top it off, we handle all function dependency & alias mapping for you. Lodash began as fork of the Underscore library. 15" module needs to be replaced with "lodash-es": "^4. Feb 26, 2023 · This is because lodash-es package has been marked as side-effect-free. Jun 19, 2021 · 針對如何降低 lodash 被打包後的檔案大小，本文提供兩種方式，分別是使用 lodash-es 全域取代原本 lodash 的引用，或使用 babel-plugin-import 非侵入式的 String to prepend before each Lodash function (false to disable) prefixSkip 'is' Functions that starts with this keywords will be skipped by prefix (false to disable) upperAfterPrefix: true: If true it will automatically uppercase first letter after prefix (false to disable) exclude [] Array of Lodash functions to exclude from auto-imports Apr 10, 2018 · With Lodash v5 taking a dependency on esm we can make an ESM entry point that imports all modules available to CJS. js: 60. 0. Adding ESM to your project Esm is a simple npm Feb 13, 2020 · Reverting to @babel/runtime@7. mock calls to load the mocked modules - the same applies to modules which load the mocked modules. sh, which makes packages from npm not only available on a CDN, but prepares them for native JavaScript ESM usage. Sep 29, 2016 · import _ from "lodash" Here is a link to the documentation. Jul 11, 2023 · It says its coming from a few modules in my node_modules, specifically, lodash-es, @mapbox, and @deck. In my component I import the lodash function that I need with import get f Feb 15, 2020 · So to mitigate this, they broke up some of the popular methods into their own separate packages: lodash. You signed out in another tab or window. But I tried to enable ESM mode for some other project because some other package than lodash-es is ESM only in that project. I have installed lodash using npm in my local project. Version 4. Start using @types/lodash-es in your project by running `npm i @types/lodash-es`. NPM. lodash-es needs to die. All packages are different, so refer to their docs for how they work. json "mode" option (if and when that is available) . /dashboard. 2- Stop using the default import Oct 9, 2021 · バンドルファイルのサイズは 69. component. json. transform. -deleting node-modules and reinstalling everything-tried deploying on netlify, same error Sep 12, 2017 · lodash-es is in esm module style while our common node module style is commonjs. This way you only need one dependency and one simple import call. By default, esm. webpack-react-css-lodash-external: Similar to the branch but now we specify lodash as a external dependency. There are 4 other projects in the npm registry using to-esm. This is also in line with the title of the question (" using es6 import statement"), so I decided to write a summary of current (Jan 2021) situation. Wow. Find out the best CDN to use with lodash-es or use multiple CDN as fallback. Because loading every module entails doing an IO and parsing operations, the more significant the graph is, the more the CLI takes to load. gl. json and type { "type": "module", } to use the import syntax and import node-fetch, but then you can't use require for any other packages. lodash最佳使用推荐，以及推荐理由 A Typescript-First utility library inspired by Lodash. The guarded methods are: assign, Mar 10, 2022 · I'm trying to import a library which switched to ESM and am getting this error: Module not found: ESM packages (remark) need to be imported. ESM 脚本可以 import CJS 脚本，但只能使用默认导入语法 import _ from 'lodash'，而不能使用命名导入语法 import {shuffle} from 'lodash'，如果 CJS 脚本使用命名导出，这会很麻烦。（不过，有时 Node 会不可预料 地猜出你的意思！ though npm install lodash would work, I think that it's a quick solution but there is a possibility that there are other modules not correctly installed in browser-sync. Nov 4, 2024 · Before adding any Lodash functionality, our initial build produces: dist/assets/index. Oct 25, 2018 · However if you want to use lodash-es in node, you should use it with esm instead of @babel/register. Module Formats. Performance: Vite converts ESM dependencies with many internal modules into a single module to improve subsequent page load performance. From your error, looks like you are trying to load a esm Sep 7, 2021 · The node-fetch latest version doesn't use the require() syntax to import the package. 12. I agree that the overhead of having the whole lodash on your development machine is pretty trivial, especially since it eliminates the need to run npm --save lodash. There are 1226 other projects in the npm registry using @types/lodash-es. *. For example, lodash-es has over 600 internal modules! A collection of decorators using lodash at it's core. Use 'import' to reference the package instead. A lot of node modules export ES5 so that jest can run it out of the box without transform. Lodash’s modular methods are great for: Iterating arrays, objects, & strings; Manipulating & testing values; Creating composite functions. Custom builds make it easy to create lightweight versions of Lodash containing only the features you need. Thanks, I was importing as import { debounce } from "lodash" (under the impression that lodash supports ESM, not sure why that works), but it looks like it won't until version 5 and using lodash-es still the recommended way to do it. Start using lodash-decorators-esm in your project by running `npm i lodash-decorators-esm`. It offers various builds and module formats, including ESM (ES Module) for Node. sh it has a built-in test runner bun test that mimics jest API and works with ESM. Lodash is available in a variety of builds & module formats. js file. I simply want to import es modules from lodash. (assuming here that you were suggesting folks consuming a lodash only ESM v5 switch to bun for testing) Why use the stick when you can use the carrot? This may be the path people end up taking, but it won't happen overnight. It also explains why one should use dependencies that export a ES module compatible build such as lodash-es, the ESM equivalent of the popular lodash library. It offers the ability to work in different environments (browser and 🪛 "to-esm" allows generating ESM code from your existing CommonJs code in the least destructive way possible. Start using to-esm in your project by running `npm i to-esm`. Here is my main. I plan to use @std/esm in Lodash 5 to not only transition to ESM but also leverage features like gzip module support to greatly reduce its Aug 12, 2020 · Since rollup. Apr 19, 2018 · Dan Prince demonstrates ten ways you can use native ES6 features (such as arrow functions & collection methods) to replace Lodash in your projects. Due to the huge amount of benefits of using ESM (ECMAScript Modules), the lodash-es lib was created and it's now the recommended package to be installed if you want to continue to use lodash, it is still the same library, but exported as ES modules. I installed lodash-es and @types/lodash-es. array (Array): The array to concatenate. Easy & Fast. Nov 19, 2023 · 1- Replacing lodash with lodash-es. We had to revert to hard resolution of 4. Jun 14, 2023 · 其它 Lodash. 0 Arguments. If you're using React / ReactDOM, make sure to turn on Babel for the JSX processing. import drop from 'lodash/drop'; import drop from 'lodash-es/drop'; import drop from 'lodash. 12, last published: a year ago. Stay updated on new releases and features, guides, and case studies. Basically when I have one package that has problem with named exports in ESM mode, and another one that is ESM only, you have an issue with getting either mode working properly. In this case we can import the full Lodash library only once at the beginning of the file, and the plugins will take care of the rest during the build. Latest version: 6. Toggle navigation. Aug 28, 2020 · I move from lodash to lodash-es in my typescript project . js'. The best solution is the one provided by Saebyeok. 0, last published: 3 months ago. . Lodash modular utilities. 4. lodash-es/isPlainObject is a . Navigation Menu Toggle navigation Apr 14, 2021 · A nicer way to use lodash-es is that, if you want to directly use _ to call lodash functions, you can import lodash-es like so: import * as _ from 'lodash-es'; When you do this, Vite will automatically tree-shake the unused functions, meaning that it will have the same bundle size as import {} from 'lodash-es'; without explicitly adding the webpack-react: A ESM library setup that uses Webpack and babel to bundle react components; webpack-react-css: Similar to the branch above but now we also style the React component using Sass files. Explore Teams In order to optimize the project development experience, the additional vite-plugin-convert-path-extension plugin will change the product link of the build output to index. js is configuring "external" as the full lodash library but imports are including specific modules, this config is not taking effect and Rollup is including a large ammount of lodash code in the ESM bundle. About Us popular esm. Jun 19, 2018 · After moving from lodash to lodash-es and to named imports our testing environment fails. Cache class on an ad-hoc basis with our implementation capable of doing cache key lookups for our list cache keys. Still, I cannot find a solution. All this is scary! For now I'm using import debounce from 'lodash/debounce. I only found a way to use it in an ESM package, like: import compose from 'lodash/fp/compose. log For example, the node-fetch package has been converted to be an ESM-only package in version 3, npm install lodash-es 引入 lodash-es. memoize. @PatrickHund: That's very interesting. It's almost a drop-in replacement: 1 CDN to use with LODASH-ES. get, lodash. yarn add lodash. I plan on using the ES6 modules in my code. The application works well but it is not possible to test it with jest. lodash is part of browser-sync. 2 fixed it for me. However, there are some key differences with actual spec; here's a helpful explainer . May 21, 2020 · I am getting an error: Jest encountered an unexpected token when trying to compile in my test classes on lines: import isEqual from 'lodash-es/isEqual'; import isEmpty from 'lodash-es/isEmpty'; Subscribe to our newsletter. esm is the world’s most advanced ECMAScript module loader. Feb 8, 2021 · Just started using Nuxt. lodash-es: This version of Lodash is designed to A free, fast, and reliable CDN for lodash-es. Start using lodash in your project by running `npm i lodash`. To mock modules in ESM, you need to use require or dynamic import() after jest. I have been stuck on this for a week now with no avail. Jan 4, 2024 · The following configuration mainly uses lodash-es as a reference. You need to go to your package. The first thing you want to do is add the Lodash package to your project using NPM/Yarn. May 7, 2023 · Uses export * from 'lodash-es' for ESM import calls This is especially useful for dual packages that are available as ESM and CommonJS builds simultaneously. Since. Therefore, it needs a lodash dependency that is ES6 as well. https://n Aug 15, 2023 · In this example, when this module is loaded, Node would go looking for lodash in our node_modules/ folder, and make your function, addPi, available as a default export to any other modules requiring it. xgawwn bzzwz tteeor zklsyr ohjd hvby lkdhyk ckrod mrcwq psgw cagztnt atzqf necv ajfls pmgf